![]() ![]() While the good reasons for restricting models to two levels are manifold, this comes at a cost: by reducing a phenomenon to two levels, we necessarily either exclude processes and entities that do not fit at these levels, or we are forced to abstract them into proto-agents or other low-fidelity simulations.įor instance, in the classic Segregation ( Schelling 1969) model, we are restricted to two levels: houses, represented by space, and individuals, who make decisions about whether to move or not. This approach has been useful across many disciplines and domains, but has shown very useful in the social sciences where the micro-level often represents the states and behaviors of social organizations or individual people (e.g. Bar-Yam 1997 Epstein & Axtell 1996 Mitchell 2009 Wilensky & Rand 2015). They are modeled as the interactions between two levels: a micro- (or agent-) and a macro- (aggregate-) level (e.g. Item = word (_, random ( 1, # ) ) /*pick a random word (element) in list.*/ say 'random element: ' item /*stick a fork in it, we're all done.Agent-based models are typically conceptualized and coded as self-contained, separate units, each affording an in-depth ‘thinking and analysis space’ of one particular phenomenon. ─────*/ # = words (_ ) /*obtain the number of words in list. _ =_ 'flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson ununenniym unbinvlium umbiunium' /*───── You can't trust atoms, ─────*/ /*───── they make everything up. ![]() _ =_ 'seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium' _ =_ 'californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium rutherfordium dubnium' _ =_ 'thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium' _ =_ 'gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon francium radium actinium' _ =_ 'thulium ytterbium lutetium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum' _ =_ 'neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium' _ =_ 'antimony tellurium iodine xenon cesium barium lanthanum cerium praseodymium' _ =_ 'niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin' _ =_ 'germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium' _ =_ 'scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium' _ =_ 'magnesium aluminum silicon phosphorous sulfur chlorine argon potassium calcium' _ = 'hydrogen helium lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon sodium' *REXX program picks a random element from a list (tongue in cheek, a visual pun).*/ getRandomElements ( numberOfElements : Int ): List ? If the specified number of elements you want is larger than the * number of elements in the list it returns null */ fun List. getRandomElement () = this /** * Extension function on any list that will return a list of unique random picks * from the list. Random /** * Extension function on any list that will return a random element from index 0 * to the last index */ fun List.
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